The spelling of English words is not fixed and invariable, nor does it depend on any other authority than general agreement. At the present day there is practically unanimous agreement as to the spelling of most words. In the list below, for example, rime for rhyme is the only allowable variation; all the other forms are co-extensive with the English language. At any given moment, however, a relatively small number of words may be spelled in more than one way. Gradually, as a rule, one of these forms comes to be generally preferred, and the less customary form comes to look obsolete and is discarded. From time to time new forms, mostly simplifications, are introduced by innovators, and either win their place or die of neglect.

The practical objection to unaccepted and over-simplified spellings is the disfavor with which they are received by the reader. They distract his attention and exhaust his patience. He reads the form though automatically, without thought of its needless complexity; he reads the abbreviation tho and mentally supplies the missing letters, at the cost of a fraction of his attention. The writer has defeated his own purpose.

Words Often Misspelled

  • accidentally
  • advice
  • affect
  • believe
  • benefit
  • challenge
  • coarse
  • course
  • criticize
  • deceive
  • definite
  • describe
  • despise
  • develop
  • disappoint
  • dissipate
  • duel
  • ecstasy
  • effect
  • embarrass
  • existence
  • fascinate
  • fiery
  • formerly
  • humorous
  • hypocrisy
  • immediately
  • impostor
  • incident
  • incidentally
  • latter
  • led
  • lose
  • marriage
  • mischief
  • murmur
  • necessary
  • occurred
  • opportunity
  • parallel
  • Philip
  • playwright
  • preceding
  • prejudice
  • principal
  • principle
  • privilege
  • pursue
  • repetition
  • rhyme
  • rhythm
  • ridiculous
  • sacrilegious
  • seize
  • separate
  • shepherd
  • siege
  • similar
  • simile
  • too
  • tragedy
  • tries
  • undoubtedly
  • until
  • villain

Note that a single consonant (other than v) preceded by a stressed short vowel is doubled before -ed and -ing: planned, letting, beginning. (Coming is an exception.)

Write to-day, to-night, to-morrow (but not together) with a hyphen.

Write any one, every one, some one, some time (except in the sense of formerly) as two words.

VII. Exercises on Chapters II and III7 minutes

I. Punctuate:

  1. In 1788 the King’s advisers warned him that the nation was facing bankruptcy therefore he summoned a body called the States-General believing that it would authorize him to levy new taxes. The people of France however were suffering from burdensome taxation oppressive social injustice and acute scarcity of food and their representatives refused to consider projects of taxation until social and economic reforms should be granted. The King who did not realize the gravity of the situation tried to overawe them collecting soldiers in and about Versailles where the sessions were being held. The people of Paris seeing the danger organized militia companies to defend their representatives. In order to supply themselves with arms they attacked the Invalides and the Bastille which contained the principal supplies of arms and munitions in Paris.

  2. On his first continental tour begun in 1809 Byron visited Portugal Spain Albania Greece and Turkey. Of this tour he composed a poetical journal Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage in which he ascribed his experiences and reflections not to himself but to a fictitious character Childe Harold described as a melancholy young nobleman prematurely familiar with evil sated with pleasures and embittered against humanity. The substantial merits of the work however lay not in this shadowy and somewhat theatrical figure but in Byron’s spirited descriptions of wild or picturesque scenes and in his eloquent championing of Spain and Greece against their oppressors. On his return to England in 1811 he was persuaded rather against his own judgment into allowing the work to be published. Its success was almost unprecedented in his own words he awoke and found himself famous.

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